这篇文章主要介绍“Vue3中操作dom的方式有哪些”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在Vue3中操作dom的方式有哪些问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答”Vue3中操作dom的方式有哪些”的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！
一、通过 ref 拿到 dom 的引用
<template>
<div class="ref-container">
<div ref="sectionRef" class="ref-section"></div>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
const sectionRef = ref()
</script>通过对
div元素添加
ref属性，为了获取到这个元素，我们声明了一个与
ref属性名称相同的变量，然后通过
[变量名].value的形式即可获取该
div元素。
适用场景
单一
dom元素或者个数较少的场景
示例代码
<template>
<div class="ref-container">
<p>通过 ref 直接拿到 dom</p>
<div ref="sectionRef" class="ref-section"></div>
<button @click="action" class="btn">变高</button>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
const sectionRef = ref()
let height = 100;
const action= () => {
height += 50;
sectionRef.value.style = `height: ${height}px`;
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.demo1-container {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
.ref-section {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
background-color: pink;
transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
}
.btn {
width: 200px;
height: 50px;
background-color: gray;
color: #fff;
margin-top: 100px;
}
}
</style>二、通过父容器的 ref 遍历拿到 dom 引用
通过对父元素添加
ref属性，并声明一个与
ref属性名称相同的变量
list，此时通过
list.value会获得包含子元素的
dom对象。此时可以通过
list.value.children[index]的形式获取子元素
dom。
<template>
<div class="ref-container">
<div ref="list" class="list-section">
<div @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref, reactive } from 'vue'
const list = ref()适用场景
通过
v-for循环生成的固定数量元素的场景。
示例代码
<template>
<div class="ref-container">
<p>通过父容器遍历拿到dom</p>
<div ref="list" class="list-section">
<div @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref, reactive } from 'vue'
const list = ref()
const state = reactive({
list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
})
const higherAction = (index: number) => {
let height = listRef.value.children[index].style.height ? listRef.value.children[index].style.height : '20px';
height = Number(height.replace('px', ''));
listRef.value.children[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.demo2-container {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
.list-section {
width: 200px;
.list-item {
width: 200px;
height: 20px;
background-color: pink;
color: #333;
transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
}
}
</style>三、通过子组件 emit 传递 ref
通过对子组件添加
ref属性，并声明一个与
ref属性名称相同的变量
childRef，此时通过
emit将
childRef.value作为一个
dom引用传递出去。
<template>
<div ref="childRef" @click="cellAction" class="cell-item">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
const props = defineProps({
item: Number
})
const emit = defineEmits(['cellTap']);
const childRef = ref();
const cellAction = () => {
emit('cellTap', childRef.value);
}
</script>适用场景
多个页面都可能有操作组件
dom的场景
示例代码
<template>
<div ref="childRef" @click="cellAction" class="cell-item">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
const props = defineProps({
item: Number
})
const emit = defineEmits(['cellTap']);
const childRef = ref()
const cellAction = () => {
emit('cellTap', childRef.value);
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.cell-item {
width: 200px;
height: 20px;
background-color: pink;
color: #333;
transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
</style><template>
<div class="ref-container">
<p>通过子组件emit传递ref</p>
<div class="list-section">
<Cell :item="item" @cellTap="cellTapHandler" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
</Cell>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { reactive } from 'vue'
import Cell from '@/components/Cell.vue'
const state = reactive({
list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
refList: [] as Array<any>
})
const cellTapHandler = (el: any) => {
let height = el.style.height ? el.style.height : '20px';
height = Number(height.replace('px', ''));
el.style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.demo2-container {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
.list-section {
width: 200px;
}
}
</style>四、通过 :ref 将 dom 引用放到数组中
通过
:ref循环调用
setRefAction方法，该方法会默认接收一个
el参数，这个参数就是我们需要获取的
div元素。
<template>
<div class="ref-container">
<div class="list-section">
<div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { reactive } from 'vue'
const state = reactive({
list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
refList: [] as Array<any>
})
const setRefAction = (el: any) => {
state.refList.push(el);
}
</script>此时可以通过
state.refList[index]的形式获取子元素
dom。
适用场景
通过
v-for循环生成的不固定数量或者多种元素的场景。
示例代码
<template>
<div class="ref-container">
<p>通过:ref将dom引用放到数组中</p>
<div class="list-section">
<div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" class="list-item" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index">
<span>{{item}}</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup>
import { reactive } from 'vue'
const state = reactive({
list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7],
refList: [] as Array<any>
})
const higherAction = (index: number) => {
let height = state.refList[index].style.height ? state.refList[index].style.height : '20px';
height = Number(height.replace('px', ''));
state.refList[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`;
console.log(state.refList[index]);
}
const setRefAction = (el: any) => {
state.refList.push(el);
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.demo2-container {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
.list-section {
width: 200px;
.list-item {
width: 200px;
height: 20px;
background-color: pink;
color: #333;
transition: all .5s ease-in-out;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
}
}
</style>附：在vue3中获取dom，有几点需要注意
1，获取dom的ref元素名称，要对应暴露的名称，不然会出现无效的dom报错，也就是拿到的是null
2,在setup中，使用ref（null）获取dom
3,不能直接在setup里面拿到dom的值，因为setup对应的生命周期是created,所以必须在后续的生命周期钩子里面拿到，比如onMounted