看如下对象定义:
'use strict'
var jane = {
  name : ‘Jane',
  display : function(){
    retrun 'Person named ' + this.name;
  }
};
这样能正常调用
jane.display();
下面的调用会出错:
var func = jane.display; func()
TypeError: Cannot read property 'name' of undefined
因为,this指向已经改变,正确的方式如下:
var func2 = jane.display.bind(jane); func2()
'Penson named Jane'
所有函数都有其特殊的this变量,如下面的forEach
var jane = {
  name : 'Jane',
  friends: ['Tarzan', 'Cheeta'],
  sayHiToFriends: function(){
    'use strict';
    this.friends.forEach(function(friend) {
      // 'this' is undefined here
      console.log(this.name + ' says hi to '+ friend);
    });
  }
}  
调用sayHiToFriends会产生一个错误:
jane.sayHiToFriends()
TypeError: Cannot read property 'name' of undefined
解决方案一:将this保存在不同的变量中
var jane = {
  name : 'Jane',
  friends: ['Tarzan', 'Cheeta'],
  sayHiToFriends: function(){
    'use strict';
    var that = this;
    this.friends.forEach(function(friend) {
      console.log(that.name + ' says hi to '+ friend);
    });
  }
} 
解决方案二:利用forEach的第二个参数,它可以给this指定一个值
var jane = {
  name : 'Jane',
  friends: ['Tarzan', 'Cheeta'],
  sayHiToFriends: function(){
    'use strict';
    this.friends.forEach(function(friend) {
      console.log(this.name + ' says hi to '+ friend);
    }, this);
  }
}