File类是java中表示文件和目录名的抽象表示形式。File类可以实现文件的创建,删除,重命名,获取路径,创建时间等等,是唯一一个与文件本身有关的操作。所以有必要好好学习File类。
主要使用方法:
1.public File(String pathname)----根据文件路径构造File实例
2.public boolean createNewFile()throws IOException-----创建文件
3.public boolean delete()----------删除文件
4.public String getParent()----------得到文件的上一级路径
5.public boolean isDirectory()------判断是不是文件夹
6.public boolean isFile()------判断是不是文件
7.public String[]list()------------列出文件夹中的文件名
8.public File[] listFile()------------列出文件夹的所有文件实例
9.public boolean mkdir()----------创建文件夹
10.public boolean renameTo(File dest)-----文件重命名(可以理解移动文件)
11.public long length()-------返回文件大小
12.String getpath()-----------路径名字符串
示例代码:
package com;  
import java.io.File;  
import java.io.IOException;  
public class Test {  
public static void main(String[] args) {  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
      <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    //File.separator是跨平台的,在windows下为D:\1.txt,linux下为D:/1.txt  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    File  file=new File("D:"+File.separator+"1.txt");         <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    //文件不存在  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    if(!file.exists())  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    {  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
       try {  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
              if(file.createNewFile())//创建文件  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
                  System.out.println("文件创建成功");  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
        } catch (IOException e) {  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
              <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
            e.printStackTrace();  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
        }  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    }  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    //得到文件的上一级路径  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    System.out.println("上级目录:"+file.getParent());  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    //判断是否是目录  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    System.out.println("是否是目录:"+file.isDirectory());  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    //判断是否是文件  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    System.out.println("是否是文件:"+file.isFile());  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    //获取文件大小  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    System.out.println("文件大小为:"+file.length());  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    //文件路径  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    System.out.println(file.getPath());  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
      <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    //重命名,返回值为true时。相当于把D:\1.txt移动到L:\kk22.php  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    if(file.renameTo(new File("L:\kk22.php")))  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
        System.out.println("重命名成功");  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    else {  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
        System.out.println("重命名失败");  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    }  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
      <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    //指向重命名的文件  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    file=new File("L:\kk22.php");  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    if(file.delete())  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
        System.out.println("文件删除成功");  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
      <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
           //--------------------------------------目录演示  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
      <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    file=new File("L:"+File.separator+"javaTest");  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    //不存在  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    if(!file.exists())  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    {  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
        file.mkdir();//创建该目录  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    }  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    //为该目录添加文件  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    String temp;  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    for(int i=0;i<4;i++)  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    {  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
        temp="";  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
        temp="L:"+File.separator+"javaTest"+File.separator+i+"txt";  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
        File ok=new File(temp);  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
        try {  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
            ok.createNewFile();//创建该文件  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
        } catch (IOException e) {  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
            e.printStackTrace();  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
        }//  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    }  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    //获取该目录下的文件名  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    String[] name=file.list();  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    for(int i=0;i<4;i++)  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
        System.out.println(name[i]);  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    //获取该目录下的文件实例  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    File[] files=file.listFiles();  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
    for(int i=0;i<4;i++)  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
        System.out.println(files[i].getPath());  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
      <br style="word-wrap:break-word">
}  <br style="word-wrap:break-word">}
复制代码
File只能获取文件路径创建时间等信息以及文件的创建和删除,不能对文件里面的具体内容实现获取和修改。
 获取和修改文件的具体内容需要用到java的IO流。之后会讲解IO相关的操作。